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M8 460SX / 460GTx implementation

This course covers AMCC 460SX and 460GTx Power processors

formateur
Objectives
  • The course explains how to design a 440GTX board.
  • DDR2 SDRAM operation is described in order to understand both the electrical interface and the memory controller initialization.
  • Note that this course contains only an overview of the IBM Microelectronics PPC464 PowerPC core.
  • The architecture of the 440GTX, based on CoreConnect, is explained in order to understand how to tune the performance of the internal crossbar.
  • The Gigabit Ethernet controller is viewed in detail.
  • The training explains how to optimize the data paths that interconnect PPC core, PCIe bridge and memory interface.
  • The course also details the operation of the cryptographic engine.
Labs are compiled with Diab Data compiler and run under Lauterbach debugger.
A more detailed course description is available on request at formation@ac6-formation.com
  • Experience of a 32 bit processor or DSP is mandatory.
  • Knowledge of PCI Express is recommended, see our course reference cours IC4 - PCI Express 3.0 .
  • Cours théorique
    • Support de cours au format PDF (en anglais) et une version imprimée lors des sessions en présentiel
    • Cours dispensé via le système de visioconférence Teams (si à distance)
    • Le formateur répond aux questions des stagiaires en direct pendant la formation et fournit une assistance technique et pédagogique
  • Au début de chaque demi-journée une période est réservée à une interaction avec les stagiaires pour s'assurer que le cours répond à leurs attentes et l'adapter si nécessaire
  • Tout ingénieur ou technicien en systèmes embarqués possédant les prérequis ci-dessus.
  • Les prérequis indiqués ci-dessus sont évalués avant la formation par l'encadrement technique du stagiaire dans son entreprise, ou par le stagiaire lui-même dans le cas exceptionnel d'un stagiaire individuel.
  • Les progrès des stagiaires sont évalués par des quizz proposés en fin des sections pour vérifier que les stagiaires ont assimilé les points présentés
  • En fin de formation, une attestation et un certificat attestant que le stagiaire a suivi le cours avec succès.
    • En cas de problème dû à un manque de prérequis de la part du stagiaire, constaté lors de la formation, une formation différente ou complémentaire lui est proposée, en général pour conforter ses prérequis, en accord avec son responsable en entreprise le cas échéant.

Plan du cours

  • Internal bus organization: dual PLB, OPB, DCR
  • 2-way 12 master crossbar
  • Internal concurrent transfers examples
  • Hardware implementation: pinout, GPIOs configuration
  • 440GTX mapping
  • Programming model
  • Primary PLB segment, Low Latency slaves and High Bandwidth slaves
  • Secondary PLB segment
  • PLB Master and Slave Assignments
  • Bus errors recovery from syndrome registers
  • Target Directed Completion
  • 7-stage pipeline operation
  • Speculative execution, guarded memory
  • Serialization
  • Cache basics
  • Data flow between external memory and caches
  • Process vs thread
  • Memory Management Unit
  • Translation Lookaside Buffer initialization
  • Speculative loads, msync and mbar instructions
  • Branch instructions
  • Addressing modes, load & store instructions
  • Integer instructions
  • 16-bit mac instructions to develop DSP algorithms
  • Exception management
  • Core timers
  • PowerPC EABI
  • Real time trace
  • IEEE754 basics, floating points numbers encoding
  • The 440GTX FPU features, compatibility with the IEEE754 standard
  • Support for single and double precision
  • Floating point load / store instructions
  • Performance of multiply-accumulate instructions
  • Management of denormalized numbers
  • FPU exceptions
  • Write-through look-aside cache
  • Understanding the data / instruction path between memory, L2 cache and L1 instruction and data caches
  • Hardware cache coherency
  • Configuration as SRAM to accelerate the processing of incoming Ethernet packets
  • Dedicated on-chip SRAM
  • Clocks synthesizer, PLL multiplicators definition during SysReset, IIC bootstrap controller clocking
  • PCIe clocking
  • Low power modes
  • Reset signals, reset types, processor state according to the reset type
  • Initialization software requirements
  • IIC bootstrap controller
  • Interrupt source enumeration
  • Interrupt masking and acknowledgement explanation, UICx_ER and UICx_SR registers
  • Critical interrupt handlers using vectorization
  • Interrupts priority
  • General Purpose Timers
  • Memory subsystem, Memory Queue Module (MQ)
  • Three parallel paths from PLB to memory
  • DDR2-SDRAM operation
  • Differences between DDR1 and DDR2, On-Die Terminations
  • Jedec specification
  • Hardware interface, SSTL-2 termination logic
  • Bank activation, read, write and precharge timing diagrams
  • ECC error correction
  • Introduction to the 440GTX DDR-SDRAM controller
  • Initial configuration following Power-on-Reset
  • Look-ahead request queue
  • Page mode
  • Initialization routine
  • The bridge between external bus and PLB
  • Address decoding in bank registers to control the chip-select signals
  • Timing parameters initialization for either bursting or non bursting devices
  • Boot ROM size definition
  • Device-paced transfers
  • Special cycle, error reporting
  • The NAND Flash controller
  • Boot from NAND
  • Bridge features, 8-lane or two 4-lane port
  • Configuration as Root Complex or EndPoint
  • Inbound transactions handling, Outbound transactions handling
  • Setting translations between local memory space and PCI MEM space
  • Interrupt management (legacy INT, MSI, MSI-X)
  • Advanced error reporting
  • Boot modes, initialization / Reset sequence
  • Synchronizing CPUs through I2O controller, messages and doorbells
  • The buffered transfer mode
  • Burst mode support
  • Related signals, *DMMAck signal timing programming
  • Channels bus priority
  • Data packing / unpacking
  • Buffers chaining through the scatter / gather mode, descriptors table initialization
  • Introduction to encryption
  • On-chip Ipsec / SSL Security acceleration engine
  • Encryption – DES, 3-DES, AES, ARC-4
  • Storage encryption engine
  • Description of the 3 channels
  • RAID acceleration on DMA channels 0 and 1 (460SX only)
  • Encryption support on DMA 0
  • Command descriptor block structure
  • 802.3 specification fundamentals: the 3 layers PHY, MAC and control
  • Frame format with and without VLAN option
  • 440GTX Ethernet controller organization: EMAC and MAL modules, reasons of their independence
  • PHY interface: GMII, RGMII interfaces
  • Frame filtering: unicast, multicast, broadcast and promiscuous
  • Hash table utilization in switch applications
  • Buffer descriptors mechanism, wrapping
  • Errors management
  • Two ports support TCP/IP acceleration, checksum processing
  • Interrupt coalesces support
  • IEEE1588 timestamp and clock synchronization support
  • NS16570-likeUART description
  • Transmission and reception FIFOs usage
  • Flow control signals management
  • Moving transmit / received data with DMA
  • IIC protocol fundamentals: addressing, multimaster operation
  • Transmission and reception sequence
  • Port 0 supports serial Bootstrap ROM with default override parameters at initialization